The persistent threat of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) continues to demand urgent international attention as the virus extends beyond avian populations, increasingly affecting mammals. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) recently highlighted alarming cases of HPAI circulating in dairy cattle in the United States, underscoring its evolving risk to livestock, wildlife, and public health. While traditionally impacting domestic and wild birds, HPAI has now been detected in over 30 mammalian species, both terrestrial and aquatic. Data from the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) reveals that cases typically…